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Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?


No, Mandela does not think that the oppressor is free. According to him, an oppressor is a prisoner of hatred, who is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. A person is not truly free if he is taking away someone else’s freedom. It is quite similar to that he is not free because of him being imprisoned. He thinks that both the oppressor and the oppressed are robbed of their humanity.
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What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic and honourable freedoms”?


In his boyhood, Mandela enjoyed every freedom. He was free to run in the fields near his mother’s hut or to swim in the clear stream that ran through his village. His sense of freedom was limited to his own enjoyment. As long as he obeyed his father and abided by the customs of his tribe, his freedom wasn't restricted by the laws of man or God. Gradually, he learnt that his boyhood freedom was an illusion. 
As a student, I wanted freedom only for myself, the transitory freedoms of being able to stay out at night, read what I pleased and go where I chose. Later, as a young man in Johannesburg, I yearned for the basic and honourable freedoms of achieving my potential, of earning my keep, of marrying and having a family

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What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention?


According to Mandela, every man has twin obligations. Firstly, he has an obligation towards his family, parents, wife and children. Secondly, he has an obligation towards his people, his community and his country.
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Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of?


A large number of international leaders attended the inauguration to support and praise the people of South Africa in their victory for justice, for peace and human dignity. The presence of International community symbolized the collective global effort to end the system of apartheid.
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What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had gone before him?


Mandela feels that he is the sum of all those African patriots who had gone before him because their courage and unimaginable sacrifices had paved the path that brought freedom. The political emancipation of South Africa and  Mandela's welcome as president is a consequence of these heroes' collective struggle against injustice and discrimination. He wants to thank them. He wishes that they could see what their sacrices have achieved.
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